黑河工程引水洞进口段高边坡稳定性分析实例介绍     

俞剑勇  魏静 《西北地质》2001,34(2):43-44

通过建立平面问题和空间问题两种计算模型，对黑河工程引水洞进口段高边坡稳定性进行了分析计算，并对比分析了稳定性评价结构，即空间计算模型比二维平面模型更符合实际，具有更高可靠性。  相似文献   

南京汤山猿人洞穴的形成及发展过程   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张茂恒  尚晓春等 《江苏地质》2001,25(1):23-26

从岩性、构造、洞穴特征等方面对汤山猿人洞穴的成因，发展过程进行了分析，揭示了洞穴形成的主要控制因素和多期复合成因的形成特点，并对洞内沉积物、南京人化石的形成及保存条件进行了初步的探讨。  相似文献   

西藏高原洞穴堆积物的粘土矿物组合特征及其古地理意义     

彭补拙 《山地学报》1992,(3)

本文通过对西藏高原洞穴堆积物的粘土矿物组合特征的分析,初步探讨了喀斯特地貌形成的古地理环境。喜马拉雅山北坡旧定日东山洞穴堆积物是较温湿的森林草原环境下的产物,新定日西侧遮普若山北坡洞穴堆积物则是在高寒草甸环境下形成的;拉萨西南曲水大佛后溶洞堆积物形成于湿热的亚热带气候环境,而拉萨西山洞穴堆积物却形成于较温湿的草原环境;唐古拉山南坡安多一带的洞穴堆积物则是在高寒的草甸环境下形成的。并以此研讨了西藏高原喀斯特的成因和时代。  相似文献   

试论我国地洼区喀斯特洞穴的发育与演化   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

陈长明 《地质论评》1992,38(3):215-223

本文论述了地洼区喀斯特洞穴的发育,成矿和演化规律。比较了地槽、地台和地洼三个大地构造单元区喀斯特洞穴之差异,揭示洞穴发育与大地构造之间的内在联系。根据地洼区洞穴发展,划分了五个成洞期。并对地洼区洞穴溶蚀堆积特征及矿床特征和分类做了讨论。又从地洼区地壳运动特点、古地貌演化、岩性条件以及古水文、古气候变迁,论述了地洼区洞穴时空发展不平衡的发育规律。最后指出了地洼区洞穴研究在科学和生产上的实际意义。  相似文献   

桂林罗胡子洞穴次生化学沉积物（石笋）的古气候研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

刘育燕  何锦发 《地球科学》1990,15(6):689-696

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The flank margin model for dissolution cave development in carbonate platforms     

John E. Mylroie  James L. Carew 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1990,15(5):413-424

The Bahama Islands contain many abandoned dissolution caves at elevations between two and seven metres above current sea level. The development of dissolution caves in tropical carbonate islands is dependent on the position and nature of the freshwater lens. Lens position is controlled by sea level, which in stable carbonate platforms like the Bahamas is a function of glacioeustatic sea level still stands. Caves in the Bahamas that are currently subaerial must have developed during past higher sea levels. During the Late Quaternary, sea levels higher than present have been relatively short-lived, and that limits the amount of time that a freshwater lens could be situated at the elevation required for the cave formation. The Bahama Islands are low-lying landforms where only aeolian ridges extend to elevations higher than six metres above current sea level. Past high sea level events greatly reduced the exposed land area of the Bahama Islands, thus also limiting both the catchment for and size of freshwater lenses. Caves must be younger than the rock in which they are developed; most subaerial Bahamian caves are found in limestones that are less than 150000 years old. Development of large dissolution caves under these limitations of time and lens size requires a powerful dissolutional mechanism. The mixing of discharging freshwater with tide-pulsed incoming marine water under the flanks of emergent dune ridges may have produced the conditions necessary. Bahamian caves formed by this process are phreatic chambers with complex interconnections and blind tubes. Their presence demonstrates that significant dissolution can occur rapidly as a result of the mixing of fresh and marine waters beneath small carbonate islands.  相似文献   

AVO技术在识别充填流体溶洞中的应用     

孙海宁  王晓梅  刘来祥 《物探与化探》2008,32(4):397-399

寻找到充填流体的大型洞穴是碳酸盐岩油藏预测十分有意义的工作。塔河油田的试验表明,应用AVO技术可以有效地鉴别溶洞是否充填流体。溶洞充填流体之后,由于碳酸盐岩与流体之间存在很大的纵波波阻抗差异会形成强的纵波反射系数;同时,又由于流体内不传播横波,溶洞壁(包括顶低面)是横波的绝对反射界面,因而会形成强的横波反射。换句话说,充填流体溶洞既能形成强的纵波,又能形成强的横波。AVO分析对叠前地震数据进行弹性反演,从中提取出与横波有关的属性来指示充填流体的溶洞。  相似文献   

周口店田园洞洞穴发育与充填序列探讨          下载免费PDF全文

李潇丽  高立红  张双权 《第四纪研究》2008,28(6):1098-1105

周口店田园洞遗址是2001年新发现的一处重要的更新世晚期古人类遗址。该遗址经过两次发掘,出土了34件古人类化石和大量哺乳动物化石,是中国目前从人类化石本身所测得的最早现代人遗址。田园洞地处华北地台北部的燕山板内(陆内)构造带西南缘,发育于中元古界蓟县系薄层碳酸盐岩地层内。周围褶皱和次级断裂发育,岩脉侵入和片理化作用明显,为地下水的水平和垂直运动提供了大量不同级序和不同形式的通道,提高了岩石的透水性,有利于岩溶的发育。田园洞的形成以岩溶裂隙水垂直渗流方式沿岩脉和节理裂隙溶蚀而成。洞内地层对比和岩石矿物分析显示洞穴经历了洞穴发育期-快速堆积期-稳定沉积期-充填完成期的充填过程。动物化石和古人类化石属原地埋藏,古人类活动于角砾层快速堆积期。田园洞古人类活动的时间处于距今4万年前的晚更新世M IS 3阶段,对探讨中国现代人起源具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Mapping of underground cavities by the passive seismic standing waves method: the case study of Barsukovskaya cave (Novosibirsk region,Russia)     

Konstantin V. Fedin  Yury I. Kolesnikov  Luckymore Ngomayezwe 《Geophysical Prospecting》2021,69(1):167-179

This article presents the results of mapping a karst cave by the passive seismic standing waves method. Barsukovskaya cave is located about 100 km southeast of the city of Novosibirsk (Russia). The total length of the cave's passages and grottoes is estimated at about 200 m, the maximum depth from the earth's surface is about 19 m. The method for studying underground cavities used is based on the effect of the generation of standing waves by microtremor in the space between the earth's surface and the cave roof. The accumulation of amplitude spectra of a large number of microtremor records makes it possible to determine the frequencies of the first few modes of these waves. Areal passive seismic survey on the earth's surface above the cave made it possible to construct a map of the lowest mode frequency distribution over the cave roof. Since no standing waves were observed at other points, this map reflects the cave structure in plan, which confirms the comparison with the cave diagram drawn up earlier by one of the speleologists. A schematic map of the depth of the cave roof was constructed using the longitudinal wave velocity V_p = 3120 m/s determined by the rock samples selected near the entrance to the cave. This map at a qualitative level also agrees with the data of speleologists, which indicate that the cave, on average, gradually becomes deeper from the entrance to its dead‐end branches. The shallower depths in comparison with the data of speleologists are apparently explained by a very low estimate of the velocity determined from a rock sample taken near the entrance to the cave. The reliability of the obtained cave mapping results is confirmed by the numerical simulation results using the finite‐element method.  相似文献   

Seasonal isotopic variability of precipitation and cave drip water at Indian Oven Cave,New York     

Philip van Beynen  Peter Febbroriello 《水文研究》2006,20(8):1793-1803

A major assumption in palaeoclimatic studies using speleothems is that cave‐seepage waters are homogenized as they pass through the bedrock, so that they record the average annual isotopic signal of precipitation. A year‐long study during 2001–02 was conducted at Indian Oven Cave in eastern New York State, USA, to investigate how cave‐seepage water isotopic signals relate to those of precipitation. Samples were collected biweekly and analysed for stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen. Our study shows that, for this cave, homogenization did not occur, as seepage waters had the same seasonal variability as precipitation. However, mean seepage water isotopic values were very close to those of the mean values for precipitation. Rapid flow‐through times of seepage water show that the speleothems can record climate conditions above the cave contemporaneously. At one location, flow ceased during the winter; therefore, isotopes measured in cave drip waters reflected only the enriched summer isotopes. Under certain circumstances, the analysis of calcite sampled from those drip waters may then lead to a false conclusion of a warming during that period, instead of the fact that it was merely a drier winter period. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献